Continuous Gravitational Wave Emissions from Neutron Stars with Pinned Superfluids in the Core

We investigate the effect of a pinned superfluid component on gravitational wave emission rotating neutron star. Pinning vortices to flux-tubes in outer core (where protons are likely form type-II superconductor) is possible mechanism sustain long-lived and non-axisymmetric currents interior, that break axial symmetry unperturbed hydrostatic configuration. consider pinning-induced perturbations stationary corotating configuration, determine upper limits strength due pinning with strong toroidal magnetic field kind predicted by recent magneto-hydrodynamic simulations star interiors. estimate contributions from both mass current multipole generated vorticity core, find quadrupole can be large enough for waves provide dominant spindown torque millisecond pulsars.